INTRODUCTION:

Glipizide is oral hypoglycemic drug which belong to second generation sulphonylureas. Chemically it is [1-(1-azabicyclo (3, 3, 0) octyl)-3-(p-tolylsulphonylurea)] (Figure 1)

Figure 1: Chemical structure of Glipizide

Glipizide works by helping the body use insulin better, which can help people with type-2 diabetes. It is taken by mouth and absorbed quickly into the bloodstream, reaching its highest levels in the blood about 2 to 4 hours after taking it. Once in the blood, it sticks to proteins in the body^1-3. There are many methods used to measure the drug in the body, like high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, radioimmunoassay, and evaporative light scattering detection^4-8. But there is no simple method using ultraviolet light to measure Glipizide in medicine forms. Some of the methods that are used are time-consuming, need a lot of work, or require complex equipment like mass spectrometers or special extraction steps^5,6,10,11. The goal of this study was to create a simple, fast, accurate, and reliable method using ultraviolet light to measure Glipizide in medicine. The method was checked for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and linearity. The lowest amount of the drug that can be detected (LOD) and the lowest amount that can be measured reliably (LOQ) were also found. The results were tested using statistical methods and by checking how well the method recovers the drug. This method is suggested for use in everyday lab testing because it is easy, quick, accurate, and sensitive.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Materials:

Glipizide was given as a free sample by J B Chemicals in Thane. All the chemicals used in the study were of high quality for analysis. We used distilled water throughout the study. Different brands of tablets were bought from nearby pharmacies. These tablets are called Glycogen by USV Ltd and Glycol by Cedilla Pharmaceuticals. The UV/VIS 1600 spectrophotometer, which uses 1 cm quartz cells, was used for testing. This instrument was made by A Shimadzu from Japan.

Selection of Solvent:

The solubility of Glipizide was tested in several solvents following standard guidelines from the pharmacopoeia. The solubility test was done using methanol, ethanol, and 0.1N sodium hydroxide. The results showed that Glipizide dissolves in methanol and 01N sodium hydroxide. For this study, methanol was chosen as the solvent.

Glipizide Standard Stock Solution Preparation:

To prepare the standard stock solution of Glipizide, 5 mg of the drug was accurately weighed and dissolved in 10 ml of methanol in a 50ml volumetric flask.

The volume was then brought up to the mark with distilled water to make a solution with a concentration of 100µg/ml. The solution was filtered using Whatman’s filter paper No. 41.

Determination of λmax:

The usual Glipizide solution (10µg/ml) was checked using a UV scanner between 200 and 400 nanometers, and the results were recorded. The solvent alone was used as a reference. It was noticed that the highest absorption happened at 232nm, as shown in Figure 2. For this study 232nm was chosen s the standard wavelength.

Figure 2: Absorbance spectra of Glipizide

RESULTS:

Method Validation:

The goal of method validation is to show that the method works well for its intended use. The method was checked for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness, LOD, LOQ, and specificity according to ICH guidelines.

Linearity:

The standard stock solution was used to make different dilutions at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20. These solutions were scanned at 232nm, and the absorbance values were recorded, as shown in Table 1. A calibration curve was created by plotting absorbance against the concentration of Glipizide, and the linearity is shown in Figure 3. The correlation coefficient for this curve was 0. 997.

Table 1: Linearity parameter

Sr No.	Conc. (µg/ml)	Absorbance
1	02	0.058
2	04	0.1529
3	06	0.2520
4	08	0.3170
5	10	0.4360
6	12	0.5009
7	14	0.6159
8	16	0.6908
9	18	0.8249
10	20	0.9130

Figure 3: linearity graph of Glipizide

Precision:

To check how repeatable the method is, the solution with a concentration of 10µg/ml was scanned six times. For intra-day precision, the absorbance of the 10µg/ml solution was measured on the same day. For inter-day precision, the absorbance was checked on three different days. The percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 0.74% for intraday and 0. 95% for inter-day, as shown in table 2.

Table 2: Precision parameter for Glipizide

Scan	Intraday	Interday
1	0.4349	0.4319
2	0.4389	0.4389
3	0.4359	0.4359
4	0.4389	0.4379
5	0.4349	0.4310
6	0.4319	0.4330
mean	0.4351	0.4331
SD	0.00212	0.00412
% RSD	0.74	0.89

Accuracy:

The accuracy study was done by adding known amounts of the substance at three different levels (80%, 100%, and 120%). At each level, samples were tested, and the percentage of the substance recovered was calculated based on the absorbance readings.

Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification:

The limit of detection is the smallest amount of a substance that can be found in a sample, but it might not be possible to measure it exactly. The limit of quantification is the smallest amount that can be measured accurately. For Glipizide, the limit of detection was 0.15 micrograms per milliliter, and the limit of quantification was 0.50 micrograms per milliliter.

Assay of Glipizide Tablets:

Two different brands of Glipizide were studied using a method that was checked and confirmed to work. For each brand, six samples were tested. Twenty tablets of Glipizide were weighed and crushed into a fine powder. A specific amount of this powder, equal to 50mg of Glipizide, was placed in a 50 milliliter measuring flask. Then, 10ml of methanol was added, followed by 20ml of a liquid used as a solvent. The mixture was shaken using a sonicator for 15minutes. After that, it was filtered through a Whatman filter paper numbered 41. The liquid was then topped up to the mark with the same solvent. Another step was taken to make the final concentration of the solution 10 micrograms per milliliter. The amount of Glipizide in the sample was found by measuring how much light the solution blocked and comparing it to a chart made from known amounts. The results were shown in table 3.

Table 3: assay of Glipizide tablets

Sample	Label claim (mg)	Amount found (mg)	% amount found
Glycogen	10	9.80	98.2
Glycol	10	9.95	99.3

Optical characteristics

Table represents the optical characteristics and precision of the proposed method for estimation of Glipizide.

Table 4: Validation parameters for standard Glipizide

Parameter	Value
λmax (nm)	232
Beer’s range (µg/ml)	2-20
Molar absorptivity (l/mol/cm)	1.4962×104
Correlation coefficient (r2 )	0.9970
Regression equation	y = 0.047x-0.043
Sandell’s sensitivity (µg/cm2 /0.001AU)	0.021616
Intercept (a)	-0.2104
Slope (b)	0.0463
Limit of detection (LOD µg/ml)	0.31
Limit of quantification (LOQ µg/ml)	0.92
Precision (% RSD)*	0.56

*Indicates mean of six determinations (n=6)

DISCUSSION:

The method was created and tested following ICH guidelines. It was checked for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness, LOD, LOQ, and specificity. The method follows Beer’s law within a concentration range of 2 to 20 micrograms per milliliter. This was confirmed using regression analysis on the equation y = 0. 047x - 0. 043, with a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0. 0997. The precision results showed a percentage RSD of less than 2% at each level, which means the method, is precise enough for analyzing Glipizide. The accuracy was checked through recovery studies, and high recovery values showed that the method is accurate. The studies on robustness and ruggedness revealed that the method is reliable and stable. The LOD and LOQ values show that the method is sensitive. No interference was found from the other ingredients in the formulation, meaning the method is specific. When testing Glipizide in tablets from two brands, the amount found was very close to what was labeled. The percentage RSD values for all parameters were within acceptable limits. The optical properties of the method are shown in Table 4.

CONCLUSION:

A UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed to measure Glipizide in both bulk and drug forms. The method is simple, accurate, precise, specific, and reliable, and it works well across the tested range. This method can be used regularly to test Glipizide in bulk and drug samples.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors say they don't have any financial or personal issues that could have affected the research in this paper.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors would like to thank JB Chemicals in Thane for giving them a free sample of the medicine. They also want to express their thanks to Valmik Naik College of Pharmacy in Telwadi Kannad for providing the necessary resources to carry out their work.

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Received on 19.07.2025 Revised on 22.09.2025

Accepted on 03.12.2025 Published on 13.04.2026

Available online from April 15, 2026

Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2026; 16(2):143-146.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2026.00020

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